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industrial decarbonisation

Grid-scale storage has moved from peaker replacement to a genuine balancing asset, and its deployment curve now outpaces new generation in several markets. Industrial heat pumps are quietly electrifying food, paper and chemicals below 200°C. Advanced geothermal, borrowing drilling techniques from oil and gas, has produced its first commercially contracted power.

  • Industrial heat above 400°C — cement, glass, chemicals — where electrification is technically awkward and capital-intensive.
  • Steel, where hydrogen-based reduction works in pilots and struggles on cost.
  • Heavy transport and shipping, waiting on fuel supply chains rather than engine technology.
  • Transmission and distribution, the constraint that makes everything else slower than the models assume.

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