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spain morocco border relations

There is no single Spain–Morocco border treaty. What exists instead is a lattice of police cooperation agreements, readmission protocols, fisheries arrangements, development funding and unwritten understandings, accumulated since the 1990s and periodically renewed by leaders who prefer not to describe them in public. This is the bargain that keeps Ceuta and Melilla quiet in ordinary weeks, and it is the bargain that stopped working for a day.

• Spain gets a policed approach to the enclaves, a functioning readmission channel, and counter-terrorism cooperation that both interior ministries value highly.
• Morocco gets European funding, favourable trade and fisheries terms, and diplomatic latitude on the question of Western Sahara.
• Both get a border that stays out of the headlines, which is worth more to each government than any individual clause.